Skip links
تور مجازی
Contact us
محوطه باستانی سیلک

Periods

first round 8000 to 7300 years ago

The Silk people lived in small groups on the northern hills in houses made of durable materials such as straw and wood. During this period, the people of Silk were hunter-gatherers in such a way that they provided their main food on the one hand by hunting wild animals such as coyote, ram, boar, gazelle and deer that lived in the plain of Kashan at that time and on the other hand. Others lived by gathering fruits and snacks and seeds of wild plants such as pistachios, almonds, mushrooms, etc. The people of this period also took the first steps in domesticating animals such as goats and sheep and plants such as wheat and barley. In addition, they succeeded in making rough pea-colored handmade pottery with rudimentary motifs. In this showcase, we see some of the works of this period in order of numbers: 1. Stone tools that were used for hunting and cutting, 2. The first handmade pottery of this period, 3. Necklace beads, 4. Saab stone for grinding wheat grains and Barley, 5. A clay scythe for harvesting 6. Carbonized grain.

The second period 7200 تا 6700 سال پیش

7200 to 6700 years ago: A small community living in the northern hills that lived in temporary houses developed during this period and created a small village. The architecture of these houses was very simple and they were made using hand-made strata and bricks. The people of this period were well educated in agriculture and animal husbandry and used domestic livestock and plants. Also, the pottery of this period was more delicate than the previous period and was decorated with black plant and geometric patterns. Another point about this period is that there is evidence of spinning and possibly weaving (No. 4).

Some of the works of this period are in order: 1. Cooking clay pots, 2. Handmade clay with holes in it that have been created for better adhesion of mortar. 3. Pieces of pottery of this period in red-orange color with black motifs on it, which are known as Cheshmeh Ali pottery, 4. Spinning threads, 5. Flower statues

Third period 6300 to 5400 years ago

6300 to 5400 years ago: This is the period when the people of Silk moved from the northern hill to the southern hill. Here they built houses with more standard architecture, consisting of rooms, stoves, and niches for storing objects. During this period, the population living in Silk succeeded in extracting copper, and some of these metal products were exported to the southwestern and Mesopotamian regions. Also, pottery wheels were invented in this period, so the pottery of this period is more delicate and has human, animal and plant motifs. With the continuation of monogamy, the Silk people entered a new phase of social life called urbanization, and the specialization of technology emerged; This means that, like in contemporary society, each individual had a specific job and profession. Thus, during this period, trade in manufactured goods grew rapidly, and transactions required a new method of non-verbal recording. The first methods of recording economic transactions were in the form of tokens or commodities of mud, stone, bone, and pottery, made in various geometric and animal forms, each representing a commodity.

As it was stated, the objects of this period are displayed in two showcases, three and four, and the third three show the pottery of this period, and the showcase number four includes other works of this period, which are explained in order of number: 1. The pottery pieces of the period Three silks with animal, human and plant motifs 2. Remnants of the process of smelting copper metal and its products from top to bottom, respectively: plant, tail and metalworking mold; It is smelting slag of metal and copper objects. 3. Top row: decorative beads, middle row: stone file, bottom row: chips or counters.

Fourth period 5300 to 4900 years ago

The fourth period, which is a continuation of the progress and innovations of the third period, we are witnessing an increase in population and, consequently, an expansion of trade. According to the findings of this period, such as the emergence and spread of Elamite tablets or tablets, cylindrical seals, the effect of seals, large houses, as well as pottery that entered the area from other areas, it seems that at this stage the khan or local ruler in Silk held power and controlled society politically and administratively. In fact, writing tablets were first invented in the Khuzestan and modern-day Persian regions and then spread to other regions such as the center of the Iranian plateau, northeast and southeast of Iran. The presence of these trans-regional cultural materials in this period indicates the commercial and political relations of the rulers and the people of these regions. Also in this period we see the prevalence of a type of utensils called edged edges on a large scale that was probably used for baking bread. The objects in this showcase are in order of number: 1. Bowls with folded edges and thread on the floor 2. Clay tablets and cylindrical seals and its seal effect 3. Pressing (lip decoration)

The fifth period

At the end of the four-silk period in the central plateau of Iran, such as Arisman, Uzbek and Silk, we see a period of monogamy and non-settlement crisis for 1000 to 1200 years, which most likely could be due to environmental crisis, including drought. As mentioned, Silk Hill was probably inhabited by new people again from 3600 to 3000 years ago. One of the important features of this period is the emergence and expansion of a special type of pottery called gray pottery, which according to some archaeologists, including Roman Gershman, these pottery indicate the arrival of Aryan tribes in the region. Among the works and evidences of this period, we can mention Cemetery A, which is located 100 meters southwest of the Silk area. Fifteen graves have been excavated, all of which were stolen in the past. At the level of the site, there are not many relics and evidences of this period and only some of the houses of this period have been found in the excavations of Dr. Sadegh Malek Shahmirzadi. The objects in this showcase are numbered in order: 1. Gray pottery and lid. 2. A copy made of a gray teapot 3. Pieces of a pottery sculpture of a goat and a sheep

The sixth period 3000 to 2700 years ago

This period is the last period of settlement in Silk hill, after which the Silk area was abandoned forever and its people scattered in other areas of Kashan plain and continued their life. During this period, the tradition of making painted pottery was revived and tubular vessels with special shapes and motifs inspired by Aryan myths such as warriors, winged horses and horses became popular. Remains of this period include a large brick structure and B Silk Cemetery, which is located 150 meters northwest of the southern hill. According to Gershman excavations, 217 tombs of this cemetery have been identified, of which only 70 were intact. . Most of the objects of this period have been obtained from the graves of this cemetery, and the amount and number of these objects in each grave were different from other graves based on the rank and social dignity of the people. Objects of this period are numbered: 1. Beak tube teapots with mythical decorations that are copies. 2. Decorative handles in the shape of animal heads such as horses, foxes, etc. 3. Painted pottery pieces of this period. 4. Metal decorative objects of this period, the upper row including bracelets and bronze bracelets, bracelets consisting of decorative seals and earrings, the middle row including pins, needles and headbands, and the lower row: including a cylinder seal and its seal effect.